Kajal / Surma
Natural eyeliner made from soot and ghee – used for eye protection, beauty, and enhancing expressions in classical dance.
History
Kajal has defined the Indian eye for centuries. Classical dancers line the eyes to make expressions readable from a distance, and families have long applied it for beauty and as a protective mark. Home kajal was made from the soot of a ghee or castor-oil lamp mixed with a little oil. Surma, or kohl, is a related eye powder with a long history across South Asia and the Middle East.
Steps / Procedure
- Traditionally, a clean wick is soaked in ghee or castor oil and lit under a clean metal plate or lid held above the flame.
- The fine soot that collects on the plate is scraped off and mixed with a drop of ghee or castor oil.
- The paste is stored in a small clean container.
- Apply a thin line along the outer lash line with a clean fingertip or applicator.
Benefits
Defines the eyes and enhances expression, which is why it is central to classical dance and bridal make-up.
Tips / Precautions
Eye safety comes first. Some traditional surma and kohl products contain lead or other harmful metals, so choose certified, lead-free products. Do not apply kajal or surma to babies, because it can cause eye infection and lead exposure. Never share applicators, keep the inner rim of the eye clean, and stop at once if there is irritation.
General information for cultural interest, not medical advice. Check with a doctor before starting anything new, especially if you have a health condition.